Resonating Reflex A Critical Investigation Of The Physical An... by John Rudd

These results demonstrate how operant conditioning tasks can be used to assess real-time recovery of neurocognitive function following different anesthetic regimens.Įach year, hundreds of millions of surgical patients undergo general anesthesia ( Meara et al., 2015 Weiser et al., 2015). Regardless of the anesthetic, RORR latency is not correlated with 5-CSRTT performance, which suggests that recovery of neurocognitive function cannot be inferred from changes in levels of consciousness. Finally, following either high or low doses of dexmedetomidine, few rats (25–32%) recover accuracy performance, and even fewer (0–13%) recover low omission performance within 3 h. Following ketamine, accuracy performance recovers within 2 h in most (63%) rats, but low omission performance recovers in only a minority (32%) of rats within 3 h. Following isoflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol anesthesia, the majority (63–88%) of rats recovered both accuracy and low omission performance within an hour of RORR. Rats were classified as having recovered accuracy performance when four of their last five responses were correct, and as having recovered low omission performance when they missed one or fewer of their last five trials. infusions over 10 min) for up to 3 h following RORR. infusion over 10 min), and dexmedetomidine (20 and 35 μg/kg I.V. Cognitive recovery trajectories were assessed after isoflurane (2% for 1 h), sevoflurane (3% for 20 min), propofol (10 mg/kg I.V. During each session we tracked both the proportion of correct (accuracy) and missed (omissions) responses over time. Rats are rewarded with food pellets for selecting the correct window within the time limit. In the 5-CSRTT, rats learn to attend to a five-windowed touchscreen for the presentation of a stimulus. Here we use an operant conditioning task, the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), to measure sustained attention, working memory, and inhibitory control in male and female rats as they recover from the effects of several different clinical anesthetics. However, tracking the recovery of cognitive function is comparatively difficult.

In rodents, levels of consciousness are traditionally captured by physiological responses such as the return of righting reflex (RORR). 3Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, United StatesĪs the number of individuals undergoing general anesthesia rises globally, it becomes increasingly important to understand how consciousness and cognition are restored after anesthesia.2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.1Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts’s General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.

Zhang 1, Risako Kato 1,2, Angel Cho 3, Olivia A.

Resonating Reflex A Critical Investigation Of The Physical An... by John Rudd